Język polski

English

Abstract

Structure of energy carriers in Poland used for electricity differs from that in highly
developed countries significantly. Currently almost 95% of electricity in our country is produced
from coal and lignite. An increasing demand for electricity as well as European law result in the need of making more use of other energy resources including renewable energy sources (OZE).
In 2010 the largest part of energy was produced from biomass (53,1%), followed by water
(26,8%) and wind (16,7%). When it comes to energy production from biogas, its significance is
low. In the analyzed year this kind of energy represented only 3,3% of the whole energy produced with OZE. Currently, the lowest cost of electricity production (370 PLN/MWh) characterizes
coal power stations. Production of electricity using renewable sources of energy is a little bit more expensive (approximately 400 PLN/MWh). Energy produced by the coal power stations will
meet more and more difficulties caused by the acquisition of rights to emit the carbon dioxide.
As a result, there is a prospect of production of energy using its renewable sources. Power
sector based on these resources does not produce waste, does not destroy environment and
besides has a positive impact on local development. Production of energy using biogas is especially important. It follows from the fact that these power stations use in energy production both
municipal, food industry and agricultural production waste, and support pro-ecological policy of
European Union. In addition they both directly and indirectly reduce pollution. There are 34 biomass power stations currently operating in Poland with total capacity of almost 40MWh.