Philosophy of life and professional choice of the individual in the works of Jan Amos Comenius: the role of the teacher as a guide in the world of values

Abstrakt

The article examines the philosophy of life and professional choice of the individual in the works of Jan Amos Comenius based on the work "Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart". The relevance of the study is due to the need to understand the processes of life and professional self-determination in the conditions of modern socio-cultural transformations, the increase in the number of alternatives for life choices, the instability of the labor market and the strengthening of the influence of external factors on the formation of personal orientations of young people. The research problem is to identify the philosophical and pedagogical principles of life and professional self-determination of the individual in the legacy of Jan Amos Comenius and determine the possibilities of their use for understanding the role of the teacher and higher education institution in the process of forming a culture of responsible choice. The aim of the article is to identify and interpret the ideas of Jan Amos Comenius regarding the life and professional self-determination of the individual, as well as to substantiate the role of the teacher as a guide in the process of a person’s search for the meaning of life, vocation and professional purpose. The methodological basis of the study is historical-pedagogical, hermeneutic, comparative and interpretative methods, as well as the analysis of scien-tific works devoted to the problems of life philosophy, vocation, self-knowledge and pedagogical support of the individual. As a result of the study, it was established that in the work “The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart” life choice is presented as a process of searching for the meaning of existence, which takes place in conditions of uncertainty, external pressure and the need for critical reflection on social stereotypes. It is shown that professional choice in Comenius’s concept goes beyond the choice of a specific profession and is considered as the realization of a vocation and a form of service to society. It is substantiated that the image of the guide in the work reflects the complexity of pedagogical support, combining the support of the individual with the need to preserve his inner freedom and autonomy. The conclusions of the study indicate that the pedagogical heritage of Jan Amos Comenius retains methodological significance for modern education, and the higher education institution and the teacher can be considered as important subjects of the formation of a culture of life and professional choice, the development of reflection, critical thinking and responsible self-determination of the individual.